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Sustainable cruising explained

People increasingly want to explore the world while caring for the places they visit. If you are wondering whether how sustainable the cruise industry is, the answer requires an honest look at both its environmental impacts and the work underway to reduce them.

Cruise ships require energy and produce emissions, wastewater and waste, just as hotels and other forms of transport do. Sustainable cruising is therefore not about claiming that a holiday has no impact. It is about continually improving ships, operations and fuels while protecting oceans and destinations.

Using energy more efficiently

Modern cruise ships are being designed to use less energy for each guest carried. More efficient hull shapes, special coatings, air-lubrication systems and advanced propulsion can reduce the energy required to move through the water.

Onboard technology can also optimise routes, speed, lighting, heating and air conditioning. Waste heat may be captured and reused elsewhere on the ship. Together, these measures help reduce fuel consumption and associated emissions.

Exploring cleaner fuels and power

The transition to lower-emission cruising will involve a combination of solutions. Cruise lines are investing in ships and engines that can use alternative fuels as they become available, including biofuels, renewable synthetic fuels and methanol. Battery and hybrid systems are also being introduced for certain operations.

Some ships use liquefied natural gas as a transitional marine fuel. It can reduce several conventional air pollutants, but it is not emission-free and methane leakage remains an important challenge. The longer-term goal is to expand the availability and use of renewable and near-zero-emission energy sources.

Connecting to shore power

Shore power allows a suitably equipped ship to connect to the local electricity network while berthed. Its engines can then be switched off while essential onboard systems continue operating, reducing emissions and noise in port.

More ships are being equipped to use shore power, although the required infrastructure is not yet available at every cruise terminal. Progress depends on continued investment by cruise lines, ports, governments and energy providers.

Protecting the ocean

Ships operate under international and local rules covering air pollution, wastewater, garbage and other environmental risks. Many cruise ships also use advanced wastewater treatment systems designed to treat water before discharge where permitted.

Waste is separated onboard so materials can be reused, recycled or transferred to appropriate facilities ashore. Cruise lines are also working to reduce single-use items and food waste through more accurate purchasing, portion planning and onboard processing.

Supporting destinations responsibly

Green travel at sea extends beyond the ship. Cruise lines and destinations increasingly work together to manage visitor flows, support local businesses and protect sensitive natural and cultural sites. Guests can contribute by following wildlife and conservation guidance, choosing responsible shore experiences, reducing waste and respecting local communities.

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